Contemporary Crises and Conflicts

1. Conflict and the cyberspace - legal and practical perspective:

* A Framework for Exploring Cybersecurity Policy Options, Mikolic-Torreira, Igor, Ryan Henry, Don Snyder, Sina Beaghley, Stacie L. Pettyjohn, Sarah Harting, Emma Westerman, David A. Shlapak, Megan Bishop, Jenny Oberholtzer, Lauren Skrabala, and Cortney Weinbaum, Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2016, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1700.html

* Chapter 3. Everyone can be good [in:] Klimburg, Alexander, The Darkening Web. The War for Cyberspace, NY 2017

* Singer P.W., Friedman Allan, Cybersecurity and cyberwar: what everyone needs to know, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press 2014.

2. Web War one - Cyberattack on Estonia (2007):

* K. Ruus, Cyber War I: Estonia Attacked from Russia, „European Affairs” 2008, Vol. 9, No. 1-2, https://www.europeaninstitute.org/index.php/42-european-affairs/winterspring-2008/67-cyber-war-i-estonia-attacked-from-russia

* S. Herzog, Revisiting the Estonian Cyber Attacks: Digital Threats and Multinational Responses, „Journal of Strategic Securit” 2011, Vol. 4, No. 2, s. 49-60.

* The 2007 cyber attacks against Estonia [in:] Haataja Samuli, Cyber Attacks and International Law on the Use of Force, The Turn to Information Ethics, Routledge, London 2018

3. Cyberattacks on Ukraine - Notpetya:

* Chapter 2: Eternalblue, Eternal War [in:] Clarke, Richard A. and Knake, Robert, The Fifth Domain: Defending Our Country, Our Companies, and Ourselves in the Age of Cyber Threats, Penguin Publishing Group, 2020.

* Andy Greenberg, The Untold Story of NotPetya, the Most Devastating Cyberattack in History, Wired, 08.22.2018, https://www.wired.com/story/notpetya-cyberattack-ukraine-russia-code-crashed-the-world/

* Maersk CISO, Implementing the Lessons Learned From a Major Cyber Attack, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQ8HIjkEe9o

4. Disinformation and information warfare in the cyberspace - 2016 US Elections:

* Select Committee On Intelligence United States Senate On Russian Active Measure;S Campaigns And Interference In The 2016 U.S. Election, Volume 2: Russia's Use Of Social Media With Additional Views, https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Report_Volume2.pdf

* C-SPAN, Russia's Role in Election-Year Hacking, Director of National Intelligence and the heads of the FBI, CIA, and the National Security Agency, https://www.c-span.org/video/?421334-1/senior-intelligence-officials-testify-russia-hacking-activities

5. Cyberattacks on Iranian nuclear programme - Stuxnet:

* Zetter Kim, Countdown to Zero Day: Stuxnet and the Launch of the World's First Digital Weapon, Crown Publishers, New York 2014

* Zero Days, 2016, directed by Alex Gibney, http://www.zerodaysfilm.com

* E. Groll, The ‘Little Boy’ of Cyberspace, Foreign Policy, 5.06.2016, https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/05/the-little-boy-of-cyberspace/

6. The future of cyber-conflicts: SolarWinds hack and beyond:

* Trey Herr, Will Loomis, Emma Schroeder, Stewart Scott, Simon Handler, and Tianjiu Zuo, Broken trust: Lessons from Sunburst, Atlantic Councile, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/broken-trust-lessons-from-sunburst/

* Science, Cryptographers scramble to protect the internet from attackers armed with quantum computers, https://www.science.org/content/article/cryptographers-scramble-protect-internet-hackers-quantum-computers